At first it might seem to be a matter of chance that bacteria will adhere to Bio-Lace®, however, the thread rings have a positive charge in the water and the microbe cells are negatively charged. As a result, the microbes are attracted to and held by the threads. In addition to this, bacteria is divided into two types, aerobic and anaerobic, according to their preference for air. The intricate Bio-Lace® prevents dissolved oxygen from reaching the cored centre, where anaerobes prevail. On the other hand, aerobes multiply in the outer part. Bio-Lace® thus provides a symbiotic culture bed for a wide spectrum of microbes including bacteria, protozoans, and algae. The proliferating microbes efficiently treat the sewage, and ensure a high quality of treated water.
Anaerobes consume the excreta of the aerobes, so the system becomes a balanced food chain in itself, and produces less excess sludge than other systems. The simple Bio-Lace® system requires little maintenance, and is easy to install.